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Polymer materials are classified by source

Polymer materials are divided into natural polymer materials and synthetic polymer materials according to their sources.

Natural polymers are polymer substances that exist in animals, plants and organisms, which can be divided into natural fibers, natural resins, natural rubber, animal rubber, etc. Synthetic polymer materials mainly refer to the three major synthetic materials of plastics, synthetic rubber and synthetic fibers, in addition to adhesives, coatings and various functional polymer materials. Synthetic polymer materials have properties that natural polymer materials do not have or are superior - smaller density, higher mechanics, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, electrical insulation, etc. [2]

Polymer materials are classified by application

Polymer materials are divided into rubber, fiber, plastic, polymer adhesive, polymer coating and polymer matrix composite materials according to their characteristics.

Rubber is a class of linear flexible polymers. The secondary valence force between the molecular chains is small, the molecular chains are flexible, and the external force can produce a large deformation, and it can quickly return to its original state after removing the external force. There are two types: natural rubber and synthetic rubber.

Polymer coatings are made by adding solvents and various additives with polymers as the main film-forming substances. According to the film-forming substance, it is divided into oil coatings, natural resin coatings and synthetic resin coatings.

 Fibers are divided into natural fibers and chemical fibers. The former refers to silk, cotton, linen, wool, etc. The latter is made of natural polymer or synthetic polymer as raw material, through spinning and post-processing. The fiber has high secondary valence force, small deformation ability and high modulus, and is generally a crystalline polymer.

 Plastic is made of synthetic resin or chemically modified natural polymer as the main component, and then added fillers, plasticizers and other additives. Its intermolecular secondary valence force, modulus and deformation are between rubber and fiber. It is usually divided into thermosetting plastics and thermoplastics according to the characteristics of synthetic resins; According to the use, it is divided into general plastics and engineering plastics.

Functional polymer materials. In addition to the general mechanical properties, insulation properties and thermal properties of polymers, functional polymer materials also have special functions such as conversion, magnetism, transmission and storage of matter, energy and information. There are polymer information conversion materials, polymer transparent materials, polymer simulated enzymes, biodegradable polymer materials, polymer shape memory materials and medical, pharmaceutical polymer materials.

Polymer adhesive is an adhesive material made of synthetic natural polymer compounds. There are two types of adhesives: natural and synthetic. The most widely used are synthetic adhesives.

Polymer matrix composite material is a composite material prepared by adding various reinforcing materials to polymer compounds as the matrix. It integrates the performance characteristics of the original material and can be designed according to the need. Polymer composite materials are also known as polymer modification, and modification is divided into molecular modification and blending modification.

Polymers can be divided into the above categories according to their mechanical properties and state of use. However, there is no strict boundary between various types of polymers, and the same polymer can be made into plastics or fibers using different synthesis methods and molding processes, such as nylon. Polymers such as polyurethane have both vitreous properties and good elasticity at room temperature, so it is difficult to say that it is rubber。